Table 19.2 (continued)

Herbal extract/

bioactive

Therapeutic

activity

Route of

administration

Pharmaceutical

challenge

NDDS technology

Method of

preparation

Outcomes

References

radical

scavenging

activity,

antiatherogenic,

antianxiety,

neuroprotective,

and

cardioprotective

Plurol isostearique

(cosurfactant) with

globule size ranging

between 100 and

200 nm, resulting in

sustained release,

better permeability,

and antioxidant

activity

activity and

showed

sustained release

profile

(2018), Sonali

et al. (2020)

β-Carotene

(carotenoid)

Singlet oxygen

scavenger,

precursor of

vitamin A

Oral

Low aqueous

solubility, low

bioavailability,

high melting

point, and highly

susceptible to

autoxidation due

to the presence of

conjugated

polyunsaturated

hydrocarbon

chain

o/w nanoemulsion

using corn oil,

β-lactoglobulin

(surfactant), and

EDTA

High-pressure

microfluidization

Increased

stability against

the color fading

of carotenoids

and reduced rate

of degradation

Qian et al.

(2012b),

Padmanabhan

et al. (2016)

Lycopene

(carotenoid)

Potent

antioxidant,

singlet oxygen,

and free radical

quencher

Oral

Sensitive to

chemical

degradation and

undergo

oxidation on

storage

o/w nanoemulsions

using sesame oil,

linseed oil, or walnut

oil as the oil phase and

lactoferrin

(emulsifier) with

globule size ~200 nm

High-pressure

homogenization

Reduced

oxidative

degradation

during digestive

process, thereby

resulting in

increased

bioaccessibility

and improved

efficacy

Zhao et al.

(2020)

364

S. Sharma et al.